Emerging, transitory or residual ? One-person household in Viet Nam

BACKGROUND: The rise of one-person households in Viet Nam remains poorly documented, in spite of its significant growth since the 1990s and its relevance to the understanding of social and demographic change. OBJECTIVE: We aim to present a systematic analysis of the growing number of one-person households, interpret recent trends and describe the main characteristics of the population living alone. METHODS: Our research is drawn from the 2009 census. Cross-tabulations are followed by regression analysis modelling of the probability of living alone. A cluster analysis identifies the profiles of people in one-person households. Finally an in-depth analysis of the most vulnerable type of one-person households is done. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis stresses the heterogeneity of the population living alone, in which we can identify four distinct profiles. The largest cluster is comprised of elderly widows and widowers. It arguably constitutes the most fragile population segment, as illustrated by several health and economic indicators. The second cluster comprises a more heterogeneous population, but only composed of persons who have not moved during the last five years. The third and fourth clusters are made up of migrants. Along with age, marital status tends to be the primary factor explaining the probability of a person living alone in Viet Nam. However, the rise in one-person households may be as much related to the gradual changes in marital status, illustrated by delayed marriage, as to the increase in mobility and the relative weakening of traditional family patterns

Women's view on sexual intercourse and physical abuse : results from a cross-sectional survey in villages surrounding Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Our objective is to understand what do verbal and physical interactions within the couple as declared by women tell us about their related autonomy regarding sexual intercourse with their regular partner. Data were gathered thanks to a baseline KABP survey in 8 villages in Burkina Faso. Overall, 591 women aged 15 to 49 living in a stable union constitute our analysis sample. A low percentage (18.2%) of respondents declares that a woman can refuse to have sex with her partner. However, a large part (77.3%) considers this refusal as an unacceptable reason for wife beating. Multivariate logistic regression shows that the belief in a possibility to refuse sex is higher among women in polygamous union and among those who have their own resources. In contrast, disapproval of wife beating as a reaction to this refusal increases with age. It is also higher among women not denying that their partner has multiple sexual partners. Surprisingly, it is lower among women who have their own economic resources. These findings suggest that programs should work on strong beliefs, which are the result of internalization of gender roles as they may, in patriarchal societies such as Burkina Faso, facilitate acceptance of domestic violence

Les enjeux actuels des études de population : Une analyse des thèses de doctorat soutenues en France

Résumé Cet article vise à explorer le champ des études de population en France à travers le contenu des thèses de doctorat soutenues dans ce pays au cours de la dernière décennie (2000-2012). Nous utilisons pour cela une base de données regroupant 943 thèses. Les analyses menées sont issues de modèles multivariés et de métho­des de statistique textuelle. Les résultats montrent la présence majoritaire de thè­ses réalisées en référence principalement à la sociologie et dans une moindre mesure à la démographie. La migration constitue la thématique la plus fréquemment traitée. Elle est principalement abordée en lien avec la culture, l’identité, la religion, les minorités, de façon qualitative, ou avec les notions d’environnement, de territoire, de logement. Les études sur la mortalité et la santé ou sur la dynamique de population adoptent généralement une démarche plus quantitative et de modélisation tandis que celles portant sur la fécondité, la famille, la sexualité et la nuptialité occupent une position intermédiaire, proche des études de genre. La scolarisation et l’enseignement sont quant à eux traités en lien avec différentes thématiques, sans prépondérance de l’une d’entre elles. Cette première exploration de la base des thèses apporte ainsi des éléments déterminants pour mieux comprendre le contour des études de population ainsi que la manière dont les disciplines se complètent en leur sein. À plus long terme, elle devrait être étendue à une période plus longue et pourrait servir au développement d’une base de données internatio­nale sur les thèses de doctorat en études de population. Abstract This article aims at exploring the field of population studies in France through the lens of doctoral theses defended in this country during the last decade (2000-2012). We rely on the analysis of a database of 943 doctoral theses. Analyses performed include multivariate modeling and textual analysis. Results show that the theses refer mainly to sociology and to a lower extent to demography. Migration is the most frequently researched topic. It is mainly associated either with culture, identity, religion, minorities using qualitative approaches or oriented towards the notions of environment, housing and territory. In contrast, studies on mortality and health or population dynamics tend to involve more quantitative approach and modeling whereas fertility, family, nuptiality and sexuality are often analyzed in conjunction with gender relations, in an intermediate position. Teaching and schooling are equally linked with many topics. This first exploration of the theses database provides insights into population studies boundaries as well as the way disciplines complement each other in this field. In the long term, it could be extended to a longer period and set the basis for the development of a comparative international database of doctoral theses in population studies

Factors influencing the implementation of labour companionship: formative qualitative research in Thailand.

INTRODUCTION: WHO recommends that all women have the option to have a companion of their choice throughout labour and childbirth. Despite clear benefits of labour companionship, including better birth experiences and reduced caesarean section, labour companionship is not universally implemented. In Thailand, there are no policies for public hospitals to support companionship. This study aims to understand factors affecting implementation of labour companionship in Thailand. METHODS: This is formative qualitative research to inform the 'Appropriate use of caesarean section through QUALIty DECision-making by women and providers' (QUALI-DEC) study, to design, adapt and implement a strategy to optimise use of caesarean section. We use in-depth interviews and readiness assessments to explore perceptions of healthcare providers, women and potential companions about labour companionship in eight Thai public hospitals. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis, and narrative summaries of the readiness assessment were generated. Factors potentially affecting implementation were mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation behaviour change model (COM-B). RESULTS: 127 qualitative interviews and eight readiness assessments are included in this analysis. The qualitative findings were grouped in four themes: benefits of labour companions, roles of labour companions, training for labour companions and factors affecting implementation. The findings showed that healthcare providers, women and their relatives all had positive attitudes towards having labour companions. The readiness assessment highlighted implementation challenges related to training the companion, physical space constraints, overcrowding and facility policies, reiterated by the qualitative reports. DISCUSSION: If labour companions are well-trained on how to best support women, help them to manage pain and engage with healthcare teams, it may be a feasible intervention to implement in Thailand. However, key barriers to introducing labour companionship must be addressed to maximise the likelihood of success mainly related to training and space. These findings will be integrated into the QUALI-DEC implementation strategies

Implementation and evaluation of nonclinical interventions for appropriate use of cesarean section in low- and middle-income countries: protocol for a multisite hybrid effectiveness-implementation type III trial.

BACKGROUND: While cesarean sections (CSs) are a life-saving intervention, an increasing number are performed without medical reasons in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Unnecessary CS diverts scarce resources and thereby reduces access to healthcare for women in need. Argentina, Burkina Faso, Thailand, and Vietnam are committed to reducing unnecessary CS, but many individual and organizational factors in healthcare facilities obstruct this aim. Nonclinical interventions can overcome these barriers by helping providers improve their practices and supporting women's decision-making regarding childbirth. Existing evidence has shown only a modest effect of single interventions on reducing CS rates, arguably because of the failure to design multifaceted interventions effectively tailored to the context. The aim of this study is to design, adapt, and test a multifaceted intervention for the appropriate use of CS in Argentina, Burkina Faso, Thailand, and Vietnam. METHODS: We designed an intervention (QUALIty DECision-making-QUALI-DEC) with four components: (1) opinion leaders at heathcare facilities to improve adherence to best practices among clinicians, (2) CS audits and feedback to help providers identify potentially avoidable CS, (3) a decision analysis tool to help women make an informed decision on the mode of birth, and (4) companionship to support women during labor. QUALI-DEC will be implemented and evaluated in 32 hospitals (8 sites per country) using a pragmatic hybrid effectiveness-implementation design to test our implementation strategy, and information regarding its impact on relevant maternal and perinatal outcomes will be gathered. The implementation strategy will involve the participation of women, healthcare professionals, and organizations and account for the local environment, needs, resources, and social factors in each country. DISCUSSION: There is urgent need for interventions and implementation strategies to optimize the use of CS while improving health outcomes and satisfaction in LMICs. This can only be achieved by engaging all stakeholders involved in the decision-making process surrounding birth and addressing their needs and concerns. The study will generate robust evidence about the effectiveness and the impact of this multifaceted intervention. It will also assess the acceptability and scalability of the intervention and the capacity for empowerment among women and providers alike. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN67214403

Prise en charge des séropositifs VIH/sida. Innovation et continuité des soins dans un contexte de rupture

Introduction La présente contribution expose la méthodologie, le processus de recherche et quelques résultats d’une étude sociodémographique articulée à l’initiative pilote de traitement gratuit par antirétroviraux des séropositifs VIH/sida au Viêt-Nam. Il porte plus spécifiquement sur le déroulement de ce programme à Hanoi et Haiphong, intervenu au moment d’une propagation accrue de l’épidémie VIH/sida dans un contexte de restructuration du secteur sanitaire. L’enquête vise à identifier les ..

Conclusion - La population au centre des transitions en cours au Viêt Nam

Cet ouvrage propose une analyse des transformations qu’a connues la population du Viêt Nam au cours des dernières décennies, ainsi que de quelques changements économiques et socioculturels qui les ont accompagnées. Il paraît au moment où ce pays dresse un bilan de 30 années de politique du Renouveau (Dôi Moi), point de départ des problématiques exposées ici. Caractérisées par l’adoption et la mise en œuvre dans les années 1980 d’une série de mesures consistant principalement en une ouverture ..

The price of success : renewed challenges regarding hiv/aids in Viet Nam

The situation of contemporary Viet Nam raises a paradox. On one hand this country with strong economic growth has enjoyed noticeable improvements in its social and economic conditions, which allowed it to become a middle income country in 2010. On the other hand, because of this success, it is gradually deprived of the powerful international support it has enjoyed during the last decades. This compels the government to undertake measures necessary to ensure the sustainability of its social model. This constraint is especially true in the health sector. The fight against HIV/AIDS will reach a milestone at the end of this year when the main international programs will have come to an end. At this date, the main supports from the Global Fund, the Asian Development Bank and the United States Emergency Plan of Aid for AIDS (PEPFAR) will have withdrawn. Consequently, the Ministry of health has recently appealed to all national resources that could be mobilized. It fears that there would be a resurgence of the epidemic (Bô Y tê [Ministry of health], 2017). How can social science address these issues? To illustrate the approach adopted in the field of population studies, I will present research works that I have coordinated and before that, provide a quick overview of their socio-demographic and cultural context